The Importance Of Being Sexual A History Of Sexuality Essay

The Importance of Being Sexual: A History of Sexuality Sex is the force that drives the continuation of humanity, and sexuality is an integral part of human life. Next to survival, the most primitive primal human instinct is sex. Sexuality is something carnal and pervasive, something that is responsible for and touches the lives of everyone. Understanding its history, its relativity to culture and era, and its fluidity of meaning is vital to gaining and composing a full understanding of the behaviors of humankind. To understand the history of sexuality is to contextualize modern struggles. It validates current sexual identities in ways that may be in contrast to modern cultural notions, and can even give inspiration and motivation to today s LGBT youth. The history of sexuality can be surprising and more complex than expected, sometimes revealing dark pasts that would rather be left forgotten. It opens doors of thought and broadens perspectives, leading people to analyze and questio n sexual norms and other forms of social control that sometimes cause more harm than good. The history of sexuality is important because it bridges topics such as religion, culture, contraception, and sexual orientation. It involves challenging common historical assumptions about sexuality, for the sake of determining accurate historical data. A such, this history is constantly being looked at in new ways as more information about the past is uncovered and interpreted. Part I: Religion TheShow MoreRelatedHow Does Foucault s Freud s Repression Hypothesis?1620 Words   |  7 Pageshypothesis? In the history of philosophy, many philosophers discuss the repression, however Freud’s and Foucault’s repression hypothesis are widely remains under the debate. Repression has psychological connection and it an attempt of a person in which he repels his desires towards pleasurable instincts by excluding the one’s conscious desire and holds it in the unconscious. As if the writer said, â€Å"Psychologically it is fully justified in beginning by censuring any manifestations of the sexual life of childrenRead MoreThe Freedom Of The Free Love Movement Essay1582 Words   |  7 PagesAs society moved from agrarian to industrial, the sexual ideology was heavily influenced. During this period, the need for children to help maintain farmland was no longer necessary. Cities emerged and reproduction slowed. This period was a major turning point for the dominant meaning of sexuality; thus it has great significance. D’Emilio writes about this changing sexual ideolo gy when he states â€Å"especially within the middle class, sexual desires had become increasingly fused with a romantic questRead MoreFreud s Theory Of Repression1558 Words   |  7 Pagesof life as every human receives numerous limitations by civil society. In book stated as, â€Å"The organic periodicity of the sexual process has persisted, it is true, but its effect on mental sexual excitation has been almost reversed. This change is connected primarily with the diminishing importance of the olfactory stimuli by means of which the menstrual process produced sexual excitement in the mind of the male. Their function was taken over by visual stimuli, which could operate permanently, insteadRead MoreWomen s Gender And Gender Roles955 Words   |  4 Pages9/25/15). The characteristics of women consisted of being pious, pure and religious, as they were the moral superiors to men (Kushner, 9/25/15). This moral superiority linked to the idea that Cott presents of female passionlessn ess, which was the result of subsequent lack of sexual aggressiveness (Cott 1987: 220). Passionlessness however was not simply a gendered characteristic it played a vital sexual as the controlling factor over hyper sexual husbands (Cott 1978: 235). The very structure ofRead MoreHuman Sexuality And Its Effects On Children And Young People Understand1309 Words   |  6 PagesMuch has been made of the role of human sexuality, yet little has been said about the importance of learning about human sexuality. Sex has been the same since time began, and we cannot continue to ignore the reality of what children are being exposed to. Being educated about these topics, being educated, in general is important to me. Education is what will help this world with inequalities, and so many other problems. Human sexuality has become one of the topics that have caught my attention becauseRead MoreA Review of Sexuality and the Chronically Ill Older Adult: A Social Justice Issue1341 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This article â€Å"Sexuality and the Chronically Ill Older Adult: A Social Justice Issue† is published in the journal Sexuality and Disability and the authors are Verna C Pangman and Marilyn Seguire. The article provides an overview and outline on sexuality in the older adult with a chronic illness. In today’s world, according to Verna C Pangman and Marilyn Seguire, sexuality for the older adult and the elderly is a â€Å"taboo† word, and if mentioned, fear and apprehension by the older adultRead MoreLegal Situation For Same Sex Couples965 Words   |  4 Pagesensure that patient and partner preferences can be met. This is very important in being able to respect the patient’s wishes and involve the partner in decision making and treatment discussions (Harding, Epiphaniou, Chidgey, 2012, p. 609). Partners facing the loss of their same-sex loved one may experience disenfranchised grief—grief that is not acknowledged or viewed as legitimate, owing to the relationship not being fully recognized by one’s family or community. This may limit the partner’s abilityRead MoreShould The Hiv / Aids Epidemic?918 Words   |  4 PagesBeyond Epidemiology, the consistent classifying of the HIV/AIDS epidemic as being the direct result of distinct African sexuality by prominent media outlets has led to detrimental and widespread ignorance on the effects that colonialism has had on accelerating the rates of transmission. The historiography of HIV and AIDS as the result of ‘native’ sexual consequences has not only perpetuated the stereotype of the overly sexual African. It seems that the latent implication within the past general consensusRead MoreMy Personal Experience Of Sexuality Education At Avondale College And St. Dominic s College Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesenables us to formulate ideas regarding sexual identity and gender but also allows us acknowledge ourselves as sexual beings.It can be argued that sexuality is not ‘the property of the individual and is not a hormonally or biologically given quality’ (Epstein,O’Flynn and Telford, 2003) but rather it is a socially constructed paradigm or notion that permeates almost all aspects of not just schooling but our society,both formally and informally.This ‘notion’ of sexuality is ever-changing and it is made dynamicRead MoreGender and Human Sexuality1375 Words   |  6 PagesGender and human sexuality has major importance in lives. This can determine whether a person is healthy or not; not only physically but mentally as well. Also, having a certain gender can change the way feelings are obtain their own character. It is about finding yourself within the gender given and personal human sexuality. Gender can determine actions made by either a male or female called it gender norms. The human sexuality could be defined as thoughts, fantasies, morals, relationship, and attitudes

King Lear and conflict with his daughters - 1556 Words

The general plot of King Lear revolves mainly around the conflict between the King and his daughters, although there is a definite and distinct sub-plot dealing with the plight and tragedy of Gloucester as well. One of the main themes that Shakespeare chooses to focus on in King Lear is the dysfunctional nature of not only the royal family and Gloucester, but the heartache and emotional strain that goes along with being a parent and having to make a decision that will divide your children. This play focuses on not only the after effects of this decision, but the way in which it affects the King, his children and his subjects as well. King Lear is also a play full of deceit and betrayal. This is clearly seen in the first few lines. We first†¦show more content†¦This is what she meant when she utters the word nothing. She has nothing to say that will flatter the king because she is honest. She is not like her sisters who would do anything to get what they want. After he does t his, he continues to badger and ridicule her for her lack of affection and love for him. He does this to anyone who does not put him on the pedestal that he feels that he rightfully deserves to be on. One must note that during this time, women were supposed to be subordinate and obedient to men, Codelias position here is a precarious one, and one that must be backed by firm belief, as she still will not give in to Lear after his threats, which shows us from the very start that she is an extremely strong-willed and determined young woman. The mere existence of this incredibly foolish game illustrates to us Lears overwhelming insecurities about his relationship with his three daughters. Cordelias refusal angers him, painting a picture of (not for the last time) Lears poor capacity for dealing with relationships, father-daughter or otherwise. The other parent child relationship gone wrong in this play is that of Edmund and his father. He is the bastard-son of Gloucester and wants everything that Edgar, the legitimate son, has. In the beginning of Act 2 he draws his sword on Edgar and tells him to pretend like he is protecting himself because he hears Gloucester coming. Edmund says: I hear my fatherShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Madness In King Lear976 Words   |  4 Pagesproves conflict arises between characters and their surroundings, depicting how madness is the result. Ruler of the land, King Lear, betrayed by those he loves, struggles to continue on his life through means of sanity. In William Shakespeare’s play King Lear, madness is brought about through one’s power of authority, self-esteem, and internal conflict. Madness, as a result, is seen when one upholds the highest rank in power. In King Lear, Lear upholds the authority in the kingdom, using his powerRead MoreKing Lear and the Genre of Tragedy Essay960 Words   |  4 Pagesof the hero. Written between 1604 and 1606, ‘King Lear’ falls into the genre of tragedy, depicting the destruction and downfall of the main character (Abrams). The play centres on Lear, an aging king who, in his retirement, decides to divide his kingdom between his three daughters while retaining the title and privileges of being king. However, King Lear’s actions lead to the destruction of his family, tearing up his kingdom and creating a war. ‘King Lear’ is a tragedy as it follows the codes and conventionsRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s King Lear 1338 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Response to Good Deeds in Everyman King Lear and Everyman are two plays from the Middle English times, however they differ in morals. One shows how good deeds bring good outcomes and rewards while the other shows good deeds can bring bad outcomes and punishment. This essay is a comparative between Cordelia from King Lear and the everyman from Everyman. King Lear is a tragedy by William Shakespeare that contradicts the code of morality portrayed in the play Everyman. Everyman isRead MoreSamurai : Strict Code Of Samurai1599 Words   |  7 Pageson a story before the story begins. Epilogue – follow up to the ending of a story. Conflict – a problem or obstacle that a character or group of characters must overcome. Climax – the most dramatic or highest point in the story prior to the conclusion. Denouement – the point in the story where the solution to a conflict occurs (Dictionary.com) Comedy in a dramatic sense – a story of drama that resolves the conflict in the opposite manner such as joy verses a dramatic ending (Dictionary.com) TragedyRead MoreNatural vs. Unnatural in Shakespeare ´s King Lear879 Words   |  3 Pages In Shakespeares famous tragedy King Lear, the parallel between natural and unnatural occurrences unifies the plot while further developing and foreshadowing the conflicts in the play. Lears resignation from the throne and his method of distributing the land, as well as the unnaturalness of Gloucesters and Edmunds situation, brings turmoil and tragedy to a society based on natural order. From the physical works of nature such as the storm in the third act to the variety of unnatural politicsRead MoreEssay on King Lear and a Brave New World: Similar Themes and Motifs774 Words   |  4 PagesIn Aldous Huxley’s Brave New world and William Shakespeares King Lear, the reader will find that both works use similar motifs that mirror each other to increase further the similarities and significance of the works. The Brave new world tries to destroy any of human emotion, which is why Huxley has chooses Shakespeare as the basis of Johns system of beliefs involved in personal connection. Although the story lines in both of the publications are quite different from one another, thereRead MoreElements Of Tragedy In King Lear1627 Words   |  7 Pagesas a master of intertwining pathos in his plays by effectively evoking pity from readers. The literary device of a double plot efficiently amplifies the emotions within a play. With the aid of the paralleling plots between Gloucester and his two sons and King Lear and his three daughters, Shakespeare effectively uses pathos to introduce elements of tragedy in King Lear. Through the parallels between the betrayal of Gloucester’s son and King Lear’s daughters, Shakespeare showcases the importanceRead More Shakespeare?s 10 things Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesMetaphors of death-King Lear, Merchant of Venice, Othello 3. Humor- A Midsummer Nights Dream, As You Like It 4. Pastoral settings- Ling Lear, A midnight Summers Dream 5. Madness and insanity- Othello, Midnight Summer?s Dream, King Lear 6. Reversal- the main character falls from a high place 7. Letters- King Lear, Merchant of Venice 8. Things are not as they appear- King Lear, Merchant of Venice, Midsummer Night?s Dream 9. The Father/Daughter Conflict-Midsummer, King Lear, Merchant of VeniceRead MoreThe Expretation Of The Storm In Robert Frosts The Storm799 Words   |  4 PagesFrosts poem Bereft shows the potential of a big and devastating storm which accurately describes the situation King Lear is experiencing in Act 2 Scene 4 of the play. As the accuracy of King Lear’s personality is described, it can be seen that King Lear could be considered the speaker of the poem and that reveals his true feelings and emotions after his crisis with his daughters. King Lear’s personality and situation are first described when the first two lines of the starts with a question askingRead More King Lear Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesKing Lear Every situation in life has an appearance, and a reality. The appearance of a situation is usually what we want to see. The reality, what is really going on, is not always as obvious to the observer. People who cannot penetrate through the superficial appearance of a situation will see only what they want to believe is true; often, the reality of a situation is unappealing to the perceiver. These are the circumstances surrounding the conflict that occurs in William Shakespeares

Factors Affecting Consumer Responsibility -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Factors Affecting Consumer Responsibility? Answer: Introduction Marketing management is the process of developing suitable strategies and planning for the products and services, advertisement, promotional sale to the desired consumer group (Khan, 2014). This study has 8 marketing Ps of Coles Roxburgh Park, which is actually located in the Roxburgh Park. Apart from theoretical description, the study has also applied such 8ps of marketing mix on the product of this organization. On the other hand, the study has also provided suitable recommendation on the 8 marketing Ps of Coles Roxburgh Park towards their improvement. Company For over 100 years, Coles has continued to deliver high quality products and outstanding customer service to millions of customers in Australia. The organization is highly dedicated to provide family products to the Aussie families for their happy and healthy home life. Coles Roxburgh Park is the store located in the Roxburgh Park Area of Australia. The organization always provides products with low cost for lowering the cost of living of the Aussie families (Coles Roxburgh Park, 2018). Among all the product range like food, gift cards, meat, fruit dairy and others, Coles loves to provide quality food products to the customers with lowest cost. Product and Location Coles Roxburgh Park is location is the area of Roxburgh Park of Australia. The area is actually within the Melbourne city of the country. The store is placed at convenient location of Melbourne, which is accessible and convenient enough for the customers. The organization mainly offers household products like bakery, dairy, deli, fresh fruit and vegetable, meat and others (Coles Roxburgh Park, 2018). Apart from that, the organization also delivers baby products, Coles mobile, gift cards, liquor, gluten free product, kosher and others. Moreover, Coles is always intended to meet the household need of the customers through delivering its products offerings to them. Consumer The consumers of Coles are generally from Medium income group family. Moreover, the consumers of the organization are mostly middle income group people of Australia. The organization has mostly targeted household consumer group having average income sources. Moreover, the intension of the organization behind such targeting strategy is to get success of low cost pricing strategy (Kraus et al., 2016). Furthermore, the organization majorly focuses on lower middle age consumer group having positive attitude towards their life. Product is the item in marketing mix, which is produced or built for satisfying the needs of certain group of people. According to Jackson and Ahuja (2016), the success of an organization is highly dependent on it availability of right type of product per the market demand. Coles Roxburgh Park mostly offers bakery, dairy, deli, fresh fruit and vegetable, meat and others for meeting the household product needs of the household consumer group (Coles Roxburgh Park, 2018). Moreover, the organization is highly popular for its high quality Australian food delivery. Apart from that, the organization also offers the products like baby products, Coles mobile, Gift cards, liquor and others. On the other hand, Dadzie et al. (2017) opined that the quality and leveling of products are extremely important for attracting the customers. In case of Coles Roxburgh Park, the organization is highly popular for it high quality food products. However, the organization is often claimed with low quality fre sh fruit and dairy product, which can hamper the selected target group. Furthermore, the organization is mostly limited within the household products. According to Chen et al. (2016) price is the sacrifice or pay, which consumers are prepared to pay for acquiring a specific product. Price shapes the perception of the consumers towards the products of an organization. In case of Coles Roxburgh Park, the organization uses cost leadership strategy, where it offers product at low cost (Schramm-Klein et al., 2015). Moreover, the organization has set price for the products at a range, which is affordable to all types of customers from lower to middle or higher income group. On the other hand, Kumar et al. (2017) opined that lower pricing strategy can increase the organizational profit with increasing sales jump. Likewise, affordable pricing strategy of Coles Roxburgh Park has fostered huge sales volume from increasing purchase from middle income group customers. Place or Distribution is extremely important in marketing mix for getting business success. According to Kozlenkova et al. (2015), organizations should always need to position and distribute its products in a place, which is accessible enough to their target customers as well as potential customers. Being established at Roxburgh Park, the position of Coles Roxburgh Park is accessible enough to the customers. Moreover, the organization provides both online and offline option to deliver products to the customers. On the other hand, Kumar and Pansari (2016) opined that distribution channels act as intermediaries between the organization and consumers, which ease up the process of selling. Likewise, the convenient physical stores and online service delivery channel enhance the interaction of the organization with the customers (Hristov Reynolds, 2015). However, in retail selling, the customers often face issues in finding their required products easily. Promotion romotion is an extremely important component in marketing mix, which can boost up the sales and brand recognition. According to Wang et al. (2015), effective promotional method conveys most important information of an organization to the customers. In this way, it enhances the brand recognition and helps in effective brand positioning of an organization. In case of Coles Roxburgh Park, the organization uses print media, mass media, digital media and social media for promoting its brands to the customers. The organization successfully uses television commercials, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube for conveying most important product offerings to the customers (Kacker Perrigot, 2016). Such communication always keeps the customers highly informed about the product offering and these mediums encourage customers towards purchasing the products of this organization. On the other hand, Keller et al. (2016) opined that Coles Roxburgh Park also offers attractive discounts and offering s for increasing sales volume. However, too many discounts and offerings is harming the brand image of Coles Roxburgh Park. Customers often suspect about the quality of the products for huge discounted price. Process According to Gummesson et al. (2014), process of Marketing Mix is the procedures, mechanism and flow of activities through which services are delivered to the customers. In case of Coles Roxburgh Park, the organization has highly skilled and educated employees, who deal with the customers smoothly within the store. However, with lack of effective training, the store staffs are sometimes slightly rude with the customers that make customers disappointed. On the other hand, the organization has speedy billing services with latest billing technology software. Hence, the customers are always happy with such faster billing system at the cash counter. It helps the organization to be ahead of the market competition. However, the organization has lack of customer friendly staffs within the store. Physical Evidence Physical evidence is the presence and establishment of the business organization, which attracts the customers. According to Grimmer et al. (2015), physical evidence is the environment and space of an organization, where customers and organizational personnel interact. The store of Coles Roxburgh Park is clean and attractive to the customers. Moreover, the store is easy and customer friendly to navigate through each category of products. Furthermore, the website design of the organization is highly attractive, but yet to simple and flexible to operate. On the other hand, Chan et al. (2017) opined that effective physical evidence touches on the psychology of the customers with the presentable approach of the store. The store distributes bags with their logo in the store for gaining customer attention. Such factors often act as an added value to the customers, which can huge contribution in the loyalty level of the customers (Grimmer et al., 2015). Moreover, the organization needs to m aintain such physical evidence intact for long term organizational success. People People in marketing mix refer to the employees of an organization, who are directly responsible for the success of an organization. According to Geyskens et al. (2015), employees are highly responsible for representing the value of to the customers. In case of Coles Roxburgh Park, the organization has excellent sales assistants responsible for its success through achieving sales target. The employees are competent enough and contribute equally to the organizational success. On the other hand, Hristov and Reynolds (2015) opined that well trained employees are always effective in providing genuine and superior service to the customers. However, in case of Coles Roxburgh Park, the store staffs are not trained enough to deal with the customers having friendly approach. Such unfriendly approach often disappoints the customers. Partnership Partnership is the association of two or more business together towards offering more improved services to the customers. Coles Roxburgh Park has partnership with several partnership relations with some other organization towards improving and diversifying their product ranges. Moreover, the organization has built partnership with the Taste.com.au for launching new recipes in the cart (Nowak et al., 2015). The customers can directly shop the ingredients from the online shopping option of Coles Roxburgh Park. Apart from that, the organization has also made partnership with the Airtasker job-outsource company, where the customers can contract the workers to shop and deliver for them on their behalf. Moreover, such partnership has enabled the organization towards improving their product and service quality towards enhanced customer satisfaction. Recommendation The existing product portfolio of Coles Roxburgh Park is majorly limited within grocery products and some others. Such products can only meet the household requirements of the customers and not many others. Hence, the organization should enhance its product portfolio and diversify its product range. Enhanced product portfolio will meet several needs of the customers, which will actually enhance customer loyalty level. Furthermore, the organization is often claimed to have low quality for the fresh fruit products. Hence, the organization should be highly concentrated on the quality of the fresh fruit products. However, huge competitive pressure from the market players like Woolworths, ALDI, Costco and IGA can hamper the success level of Coles Roxburgh Park. Such competitor organizations are offering same kinds of the products with even more better quality (Davcik Sharma, 2016). Hence, the organization should immediately focus on the quality of the products. Coles Roxburgh Park always follows cost leadership strategy for being the market leader in the retail market of Australia. As per such strategy, the organization offers its products to the customers at lower price. Moreover, low price of the products helps the organization in gaining enhanced customer loyalty towards gaining high level of competitive advantage over the rivals. Hence, this pricing strategy seems to be perfect for the organization and should maintain such pricing strategy towards gaining long term business success. Moreover, the organization can maintain such low cost pricing strategy through keeping the overall cost of business operation low consistently. However, with increased globalization, various global retailers are offering their products at quite low price in Australia. Moreover, the popular global retailers Walmart and Morrison are quite able to afford to offer lower prices of the products. Such multinational companies often get discounts from the suppliers f or their bulk buying pattern (Homburg et al., 2017). Hence, it becomes quite easy for the multinational companies towards offering lower price of the products. Coles Roxburgh Park has mix of both online and offline channels for delivering their products to the customers. The customers can choose and purchase their required products from the convenient physical store of Coles Roxburgh Park. The customers should maintain such offline store over the time for the convenience of the customers in their product collection. However, the customers sometimes face issues in terms of seeking products in different product category. Hence, the organization can initiate catalogue shopping for the customers, where they will list down their require product names in a catalogue and the store staffs will collect those required product on behalf of the customers. The customers will just have to pay for the products. On the other hand, the online shopping option is highly convenient for the customers, which should be maintained by the organization over the time. Moreover, the organization should maintain the success of such online shopping option through timely delivery of products. Promotion From the analysis of promotional strategy of Coles Roxburgh Park, it can be found that the organization uses print media, television commercial, digital media and social media for promoting their product offerings. It also offers huge discounts and offerings to the customers for gaining high level of customer loyalty. However, huge discounts and offerings seem to be hampering the image of the organization. Moreover, the customers have started to perceive the quality of products as low for excessively huge discounts. Hence, the organizations should make a balance between the discounts and actual price. Furthermore, the contemporary issue of social media interaction can hamper the image of the organization and its social media promotional strategy. Moreover, the negative feedback about the products of posted by the customers on the social media channels like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram can actually hamper the organizational reputation (Kacker Perrigot, 2016) Process From the process analysis of Coles Roxburgh Park, it can be found that the organization has highly skilled employees for interacting with the customers within the store. However, the store staffs are sometimes rude with the customers having lack of customer handling training. It often makes the customer disappointed with the staffs behavior. Hence, the organization should immediately start to provide adequate customer handling training to store staffs. It will facilitate the store staffs to behave with the customers effectively. Furthermore, it can be quite difficult for the organization to always align with the technological advancement and foster frequent process improvement. In such situation, the improved process of competitor organizations can create competitive pressure on this organization (Jain et al., 2014). Hence, the organization should always be concerned and updated about the advanced technologies in the market. Physical Evidence From the analysis of physical evidence of Coles Roxburgh Park, it can be seen that the retail store has clear and attractive store arrangement. Apart from that, the website of the organization is attractively deigned, but it is yet too simple to operate. Furthermore, the organization provides bags its logo deigned on it to the customer for carrying the product. Such bags often add to the added value for the customers. However, such strategy can be impacted with the issue of corporate social responsibility. Moreover, the plastic bags distributed by Coles Roxburgh Park can be an extremely important environment concern. Moreover, this strategy of physical evidence can be highly influenced by corporate social responsibility and environment concern issue of the society (Jones et al., 2015). Hence, the organization should take active initiatives towards stopping such plastic bags and promote more numbers of environment friendly bags. It would help the organization towards dealing with envi ronmental concern. From the analysis of people of Coles Roxburgh Park, it can be found that the employees of the organization are highly skilled and dedicated towards organizational success. However, the employees are always not efficient in dealing with the customers properly. They are sometimes rude at their behavior with the customers within the store, which makes the customers disappointed. Moreover, such rude behavior of the store staffs can create ethical concern for the organization (Hristov Reynolds, 2015). Hence, the organization should immediately work on the behavioral aspect of the employees through effective training. Such training would make the employees efficient enough towards dealing with customers in friendly manner. Partnership From analysis of partnership of Coles Roxburgh Park, it can be seen that the organization has several partnership relationship with other companies for providing diversified products and services to the customers. However, the organization is still incapable of bringing completely diversified products through their partnership strategy (David et al., 2017). Hence, the organization should immediately seek for a partnership relation, which will help it in fostering innovation through completely diversified product range. In this way, the organization will be able to make it unique and competitive in the market for beating with fierce market competition. Conclusion While concluding the stud, it can be said that Coles Roxburgh Park majorly provides household products like bakery, dairy, deli, fresh fruit and vegetable, meat and others. Furthermore, it also offers baby products, Coles mobile, gift cards, liquor, gluten free product, kosher and others. However, the organization should improve the quality of it fresh fruit product for gaining high level of customer satisfaction. On the other hand, the issue of social media interaction and negative feedback of the customers in social media sites can hamper the organizational reputation. Furthermore, huge discounts and offerings are actually hampering the corporate image of the organization with the misperception of the customers about its product quality. Hence, the organization should perfectly match a balance between the actual price and discounted price of the products. Recommendation Improvement of Product Quality Coles Roxburgh Park should immediately improve the quality of the products for gaining competitive edge over the rivals in the market. More specifically, the organization should improve the freshness and quality of the fresh fruits for enhancing the satisfaction level of the customers. Training to Employees The organization should arrange proper training facility for the employees towards enhancing their customer handling skills. In this way, the well-trained employees and store staffs will be able to interact with the customers in friendly manner. Such friendly approach of the store staffs will make the customers happy within the store. Improvement in Physical Evidence The physical evidence of the organization can get hampered with the issue of environmental concern. Moreover, the distribution of plastic bags for carrying the purchased product can be an issue of environmental concern. Hence, the organization should immediately replace the plastic bags with the environmentally sustainable bags for resolving the environmental concern. Improved Promotional Activities Negative feedback over the social media sites can hamper the corporate image of the organization. Hence, the organization should properly handle and reply the negative feedbacks of the customers for protecting the corporate image. Table 1: Recommendation for Coles Roxburgh Park (Source: Created by Author) References Chan, T. Y., Narasimhan, C., Yoon, Y. (2017). Advertising and price competition in a manufacturer-retailer channel.International Journal of Research in Marketing,34(3), 694-716. Chen, Y., Yang, S., Wang, Z. (2016). Service cooperation and marketing strategies of infomediary and online retailer with eWOM effect.Information Technology and Management,17(2), 109-118. 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A research note on the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on small retailer performance: a resource-advantage perspective.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,11(2), 409-424. Gummesson, E., Kuusela, H., Nrvnen, E. (2014). Reinventing marketing strategy by recasting supplier/customer roles.Journal of Service Management,25(2), 228-240. Homburg, C., Jozi?, D., Kuehnl, C. (2017). Customer experience management: toward implementing an evolving marketing concept.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,45(3), 377-401. Hristov, L., Reynolds, J. (2015). Perceptions and practices of innovation in retailing: Challenges of definition and measurement.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,43(2), 126-147. Jackson, G., Ahuja, V. (2016). Dawn of the digital age and the evolution of the marketing mix.Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice,17(3), 170-186. Jain, M., Khalil, S., Johnston, W. J., Cheng, J. M. S. (2014). 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The role of marketing channels in supply chain management.Journal of Retailing,91(4), 586-609. Kraus, S., Meier, F., Eggers, F., Bouncken, R. B., Schuessler, F. (2016). Standardisation vs. adaption: a conjoint experiment on the influence of psychic, cultural and geographical distance on international marketing mix decisions.European Journal of International Management,10(2), 127-156. Kumar, V., Pansari, A. (2016). National culture, economy, and customer lifetime value: assessing the relative impact of the drivers of customer lifetime value for a global retailer.Journal of International Marketing,24(1), 1-21. Kumar, V., Anand, A., Song, H. (2017). Future of retailer profitability: an organizing framework.Journal of Retailing,93(1), 96-119. Nowak, L. I., Fucciolo, K., Ponsford, B. S. (2015). Pro-environmental strategies for small businesses: Factors affecting consumer trust and responsibility.Journal of Small Business Strategy,10(2), 78-85. Schramm-Klein, H., Morschett, D., Swoboda, B. (2015). Retailer corporate social responsibility: Shedding light on CSRs impact on profit of intermediaries in marketing channels.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,43(4/5), 403-431. Wang, S. C., Soesilo, P. K., Zhang, D. (2015). Impact of luxury brand retailer co-branding strategy on potential customers: A cross-cultural study.Journal of International Consumer Marketing,27(3), 237-252.

Product Mix and Development Strategies an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Product Mix and Development Strategies by Expert Marvellous | 22 Dec 2016 Market competition- one of the major problems of most of the companies has been experiencing since their advent. But for the market itself its healthy especially for the consumers (Nichols, 2007). The battle for market dominance and customer loyalty has pushed the industries to their limits to the extent of exploring new things beyond their product lines. Being able to see opportunities in this unstable economic condition that we have for the past few years is really an ability that business minded inpiduals must posses in order to survive to market competition. The fact that there are a lot of companies out there that shut their operations down due to tremendous amount of losses from competing with other companies is something that multinational companies dont want to happen to them. Need essay sample on "Product Mix and Development Strategies" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed A great example for this great battle for market survival is the undying competition between the two of the most successful beverage companies in the country- Pepsi and Coke. This two market leaders of carbonated drinks started their rivalry by the time carbonated drinks starts to become popular in the market. Since then, they become voracious in searching for ways of overtaking one another to attain market dominance and to gain more profit out of their operation to fund their expansion plans. The expansion plans that I am referring here is not expanding the size of their plant size or increasing the number of their production, but rather expanding their product lines in order to give their market with more of different product lines to choose from. With this, they could instill their name into the minds of their target consumers and to give them the impression that they are one who dominates the market. The recent acquisition of Coca Cola Company with Fuze, producer of tea and energy drinks, while Pepsi with Izze, producer of all natural fruit juices, proves that the battle between the said two beverage companies reached up to the extent of exploring the noncarbonated drink industry which at first is not their forte (McKay, 2007). Both Coke and Pepsi believe that they could run over the other by expanding their beverage products to gain more sales and market. Well, that is correct for they would now acquire the sales of these companies that they acquired. But the question is; can they handle the product well? The fact that these two giant companies start acquiring the production of products that are alien to them is something that is mind bugling. Now, one way of determining the capacity of these companies on handling their non-core products is the method called PTSTP which is being used in determining the significance of a certain product to the target consumer. In this regard, we are going to find out if whether Coke and Pepsi will have to use this method or not in obtaining sustainable competitive advantage against their competitors. To start with, let us first examine the current status of these two companies and the market standing of their products against with their competitors as well as on how it performs in the market. This would guide our evaluation in the latter part of this paper. Coca Cola Company Despite the back lags in the economic condition locally and internationally, Coke still manages to hold its position of being the market icon in the beverage industry. This company still comprises the major supply of carbonated drinks not only in the U.S. but also from other countries abroad. So far, they pretty good in handling their carbonated drinks like Coke Diet, Coke Light, Coke Zero and a lot more. In short, they lead the production of carbonated drinks and there is no question about it. But the problem now is their noncarbonated products from the companies that they acquired to expand their product lines from the recent years. It is said that their noncarbonated drinks fell behind of those of Pepsi and that is odd for most of the people are expecting that they would be handling the promotion and improvement of the products that they acquired. This is one of the biggest problems of the CEO of Coke that he has to face with. The idea that they are being overtaken by Pepsi is rea lly an alarming one. It is said that during the first years of exploring noncarbonated beverages as a source of reinforcement to increase their sales and market dominance, Coke execs were skeptical about the said idea and that is the reason why they are the one whos having a hard time of catching to other companies who already mastered the management of products that are of new to them, like Pepsi (Foust, 2004). This serves as the root of their problem with handling their non-core products. We just didnt see the opportunity [of exploring into noncarbonated beverages] is the statement of the president of Philadelphia Coca Cola Bottling Co. according to an article published in a magazine which I find every inexcusable for it is their responsible to always seek for new opportunities in the market if they want to become the market leader in the industry that they belong. This is the reason why Odwalla Inc, Mad River Traders Inc and Barq which were acquired by Coke to enhanced it portfolio starts having a hard time in performing well in the market. If Coca Cola wants to maintain their position on top of the competition, they must try to find a way in making their noncarbonated products to at least appear good in the eyes of their target consumers and find a long term solution to this problem. Pepsi Company Compared to Coke, Pepsi has less sales volume and market shares but they have the capacity to grab market opportunities which Coke was not able to achieve during the previous years. This is the reason why there is no doubt that they are handling their noncarbonated products well which can also be classified as their non-core products since, just like Coke; they are in line with producing carbonated drinks. But the problem that Pepsi is experiencing right now is their lack of sensitivity with regards to the changes in the pattern of tastes of their customers (Brady, 2004). This is the reason why they have been experiencing some losses in terms of sales volumes and revenues for the past years. Even though they have been performing pretty well as compared to Coke, but still, in a macro sense, they have been lacking innovations into their products not just in noncarbonated but also into their core product lines. Innovations are one of the x-factor that customers have been searching in choosing products to purchase. If only Pepsi could posses this quality along side with their other efficient and effective marketing strategies, there is a possibility that they could par with Coke or surpass Coke in the long run. Evaluation Based from the given information and arguments above, I could say that the said two major beverage companies should use PTSTP in order to uplift their performance in terms of promoting their product lines into their target market, may it be their core or non-core products. Product is the main factor in this issue and this element encompasses almost all of the functions that lead to the attainment of sustainable competitive advantage in the market. In the first place it is the prime reason why these companies are operating in the market- to provide products into the market in order to generate profits out of it. Through PTSTP, they would be able to know how customers value their product. Its like, determining the possible importance of this product to their target customers. Like, if whether buying energy drink is more important than buying fruits in the market. Pepsi and Coke must be able to know if whether their energy drink would make an impact on the demands of their target customers. If they found out that their product do not have any value to their customers, then, search for flaws in your product that makes it less valuable to their customers. Im pretty sure that Coke and Pepsi did not have enough market study regarding the market status of the product lines that they are acquiring today which is pretty obvious in the current performance of their noncarbonated products. PTSTP would guide Coke and Pepsi in assessing products that they will plan to acquire in the near future or would guide them in developing new product lines. PTSTP somehow similar in determining the willingness to pay of a customer to a certain product, like, if the customer say that he/she is willing to pay $100 for your product and you only spend $40 in producing a unit of your good, then, more or less you already have the idea how your target customers value your product since they are willing to pay high in order to purchase and consume your product. References Brady, D. (2004). Pepsis Thousand and One Noshes- How it deftly adapts products to changing consumer tastes. Retrieved October 20, 2007 Foust, D. (2004). Things Go Better WithJuice. Retrieved October 20, 2007 McKay, B. (2007, February 2). Coke Buys Fuze to Light up Its Lineup. Wall Street Journal. Pg. B.3 Nichols, M. (2007). Four Reasons to thank the Competition. Retrieved October 20, 2007

Essay about Scarlet Letter

Essay about Scarlet Letter Essay about Scarlet Letter Puritanical Vengeance Revenge is a thematic motif found in the puritanical works The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne and "The Crucible" by Arthur Miller. While Roger Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter seeks vengeance against Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale for their adulterous actions, Abigail Williams in The Crucible likewise seeks revenge against Goody Proctor for the pursuit of her husband, John Proctor. However, revenge in both novels proves to be a double edged sword, for not only do Chillingworth’s and Abigail’s victims take injury to vengeance, but so do Abigail and Chillingworth themselves. Although Puritans believed retribution was an act reserved only for God, both novels show that Puritans mercilessly follow through with vengeful acts, despite their belief that revenge is not to be sought by humans. Therefore, these novels show that revenge is an inherit trait among human character, and is a transcendent desire through the generations that is found within modern society, and will forever be an instinctive human act. Nathaniel Hawthorne presents the concept of revenge as an unnatural act that transfigures a person's soul into a black and hollow shell. Never satisfying, revenge consumes the life of Roger Chillingworth, who is absorbed into the role of punishing both Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester Prynne. Chillingworth is so intent on vengeance that he loses his human self in the process. Believing himself justified in his pursuit, Chillingworth's vengeance is seen by Dimmesdale as "blacker than my sin. He has violated, in cold blood, the sanctity of a human heart" (Hawthorne 161). Even though committing the sin of adultery, Dimmesdale shows the pursuit of revenge as an even more heinous crime than his. Furthermore, Hester, also an adulteress, seeks forgiveness from Dimmesdale for her keeping of Chillingworth's identity; "Let God punish! Thou shalt forgive" (Hawthorne 161)! exclaiming that only God may punish Hester for her crim es. Evans adds that Chillingworth "forgets, however, that [Dimmesdale] is known to God, the only judge who ultimately matters. Chillingworth's declaration is therefore less a sign of any disinterested concern for justice than an indication of his prideful (and sinful) yearning for personal revenge" (Evans par. 7). In addition, Arthur Miller's character Abigail Williams seeks revenge against Goody Elizabeth Proctor, for she desires Proctor's husband, John. Thus Abigail begins a wave of hysteria on witchcraft, accusing any who would compromise her quest to be rid of Goody Proctor. As said by Bryer, the "manipulative" Abigail utilizes her power to accuse Elizabeth as Abigail "gets caught up in the power she wields" (Bryer par.2). With this power, she even boldly warns "Mr. Danforth. Think you to be so mighty that the power of Hell may not turn your wits" (3.796)? and is unafraid to remove anyone in her vengeful path. As the town believes she is a messenger of God to rid the town of ev il, she is thought to be justified in her accusations as a suitable means for revenge. However, John Proctor realizes her intent; "I’ll tell you

Princess Elizabeth Becomes Queen at Age 25

Princess Elizabeth Becomes Queen at Age 25 Princess Elizabeth (born Elizabeth Alexandra Mary on April 21, 1926) became Queen Elizabeth II in 1952 at the age of 25. Her father, King George VI suffered from lung cancer for much of his later life and died in his sleep on February 6, 1952, at age 56. Upon his death, Princess Elizabeth, his oldest daughter, became Queen of England.   The Death and Burial of King George VI Princess Elizabeth and her husband, Prince Philip, were in East Africa when King George died. The couple had been visiting Kenya as part of the beginning of a planned five-month tour of Australia and New Zealand when they received the news of King Georges death. With this very sad news, the couple immediately made plans to return to Great Britain. While Elizabeth was still flying home, Englands Accession Council met to officially determine who was the heir to the throne. By 7 p.m. it was announced that the new monarch would be Queen Elizabeth II. When Elizabeth arrived in London, she was met at the airport by Prime Minister  Winston Churchill  to begin preparation for the viewing and burial of her father. After laying in state at Westminster Hall for over 300,000 people to pay respect to his image, King George VI was buried on February 15, 1952,  at St. Georges Chapel in Windsor, England. The funeral procession involved the entire royal court and 56 chimes from Big Ben, one for each year of the kings life.   The First Television Broadcast Royal Coronation Over a year after her fathers death, Queen Elizabeth IIs coronation was held at Westminster Abbey  on June 2, 1953. It was the first televised coronation in history (yet excluded the communion and anointing). Before the coronation, Elizabeth II and Phillip, Duke of Edinburgh, moved into Buckingham Palace in preparation for her reign.   Although it was highly believed that the royal house would assume Philips name, becoming the  House of Mountbatten, Elizabeth IIs grandmother, Queen Mary, and Prime Minister Churchill favored retaining the  House of Windsor.  Ã‚  Ultimately, Queen Elizabeth II released a proclamation on April 9, 1952, a full year before the coronation, that the royal house would remain as Windsor. However, after the death of Queen Mary in March of 1953, the name Mountbatten-Windsor was adopted for male-line descendants of the couple.   Despite Queen Marys untimely death three months prior, the coronation in June continued as planned, as the former queen had requested before her death. The coronation gown worn by Queen Elizabeth II was embroidered with the floral symbols of Commonwealth countries including the English Tudor rose, Welsh leek, Irish shamrock, Scots thistle, Australian wattle, New Zealand silver fern, South African protea, Indan and Ceylon lotus, Pakistani wheat, cotton, and jute and the Canadian maple leaf.   The Current Royal Family of England As of February 2017, Queen Elizabeth II is still the reigning queen of England at 90 years old. The current royal family consists of her offspring with  Philip. Their son Charles, Prince of Wales, married his first wife Diana, who bore their sons Prince Henry (of Wales) and William (Duke of Cambridge), who in turn married Kate (Duchess of Cambridge), who bore Prince George and Princesses Charlotte (of Cambridge). Prince Charles married Camilla (Duchess of Cornwall) in 2005. Elizabeths daughter Princess Royal Anne married Captain Mark Phillips and bore Peter Phillips and Zara Tindall, both of which married and had children (Peter fathered Savannah and Isla with wife Autumn Phillips and Zara mothered Mia Grace with husband Mike Tendall). Queen Elizabeth IIs son Andrew (Duke of York) married Sarah (Duchess of York) and sired Princesses Beatrice and Eugenia of York. The queens youngest son, Edward (Earl of Wessex) married Sophie (Countess of Wessex) who gave birth to Lady Louise Windsor and Viscount Severn James.

Legal Aspects of Nursing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Legal Aspects of Nursing - Case Study Example An accurate record is the only proof a nurse may give in the event of a lawsuit against him or her. The nurses’ testimonies at trial would have a great influence on the case as they serve as further evidence of negligence and malpractice on their part. In my opinion, the other nurses made the situation turn from bad to worse with their own revelations of how they often â€Å"could not remember exactly† the prescribed medication and dosages. This is also coupled with the fact that the nurses also deviated from the doctors’ instruction by deviating from IM injections and preferring to administer medication through intravenous drips. This new revelations could lead to further lawsuits on the rest of the nursing staff that had given the aforementioned testimonies. The court and the relevant State Board of Nursing should investigate on the possible root causes for the widespread malpractice and negligence by its nursing staff. The court should also give a court order to authorize the police to carry out drug tests on the indicted nurse so as to accurately determine if she after all had been diverting the narcotics for personal use. The outcome of this medical exam may be used by the nurse to sue the institution if she the results back up her testimony. The affected health facilities should also formulate new policies and guidelines to ensure that similar cases do not happen again. These policies should also be designed in a manner that patient safety is given paramount importance. The health record is a legal document itself and based on the evidence available there are discrepancies between the handwritten record and the computerized medicine cabinet thus suggesting existence of negligence. On the other hand the hospital on its part has failed to provide sufficient and clear cut policies to support and protect its nursing staff. The healthcare facility is legally liable for some of the nurses’ malpractices. The

The Symbiotic Relationship Between the United States and Britain Essay

The Symbiotic Relationship Between the United States and Britain - Essay Example The Second World War was initially fought on the European Continent and American role was marginal till it came under Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor in December 1941. The American masses were generally against participation in a Continental War. The British were facing a crisis of sorts as France was overrun and the Soviet Union came under the throes of the biggest threat ever, Churchill the British Prime Minister was left to Britain’s dogged determination to survive the critical days till America joined the war effort. The incidents leading to Pearl Harbor, America’s reaction to Japan’s surprise attack and British response denote that Churchill had foreseen the eventuality of this strike and declared war against Japan within 24 hours. It was a momentous event and Churchill could not hide his glee at finally drawing America into the Great War, as this tipped the balance in favour of the Allies. (Churchill: 1970). A key event which not only determines the course of the Second World War but also the post-war alliance was drafting of the Atlantic Charter. Churchill had developed a personal rapport with the American President, Roosevelt. Drafting of the Charter was a triumph of Anglo American cooperation. The declaration included provisions as no territorial aggrandizement or changes by the alliance partners, right of people to choose the form of government, fair and equitable distribution of resources and creation of peace and stability within nations as also on the high seas. (Churchill: 1970). The United Nations was thus formed after the war and a number of nations freed from colonial dominance.

JetBlue Airways Corporation Essay Example for Free

JetBlue Airways Corporation Essay JetBlue Airways Corporation was formed in August 1998 as a low-fare, low-cost but high service passenger airline serving select United States market. JetBlues operations strategy was designed to achieve a low cost, whilst offering customers a pleasing and differentiated flying experience. JetBlue has had a successful business model and strong financial results during that period, and performed well in comparison to other airline companies in the US during the period between 2000 and 2003. It had been the only other airline apart from Southwest airlines, to have been profitable during the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks on World Trade Center, and at a time when the entire airline industry was experiencing losses. The core of JetBlues strategy was low operating cost achieved through a smaller and more productive workforce; utilizing aircraft efficiently; better use of technology to achieve lower distribution cost i.e. use of electronic ticket as against paper ticket; use of brand new single model planes that reduced maintenance costs and training costs at the same time. However, moving into the growth phase, JetBlue was contemplating expansion with the introduction of a new model of planes, i.e. Embraer E190, that are smaller than the A320s that they were using. These planes were to be utilized for penetrating mid-size cities and also during off-peak times on existing routes. The company defined these markets as destination with 100 to 600 local passengers per day each way, compared to the much larger markets that the company was serving with its A320s. This had potential implications for its low-cost strategy. Jetblues expansion required investments in areas other than just new aircraft. Owen needed to decide how to raise additional capital to fund the  companys growth. Investment bankers had presented two financing proposals; a new public equity offering and a private placement of convertible debentures. Own needed to decide which proposal, if any, to recommend to the board. QUESTION 1 PART A In early 2003, JetBlue continue to see opportunity to grow by adding both new market and new flight to existing destination. One of such new market where the company believed there was attractive opportunity was the mid-sized market segment which comprised of destinations with 100 600 local passengers per day each way. To accommodate this growth, the company is seeking to purchase 65 new Airbus A320, with an option to buy additional 50 new aircraft, and also committed to purchase 100 Embraer E190 aircraft, with the option to purchase 100 additional ones. Jetblue had embarked on a $6.8 billion plane acquisition program that would increase its aircraft fleet from 45 to 252, including existing aircraft purchase commitment. The company needs thus to think about a way to finance those acquisitions, as well as other needed investments such as spare parts, new engines, additional hangars and a flight training centre JOHN OWEN THE CFO OF JETBLUE IS TRYING TO DECIDE WHICH OF TWO FINANCING PROPOSALS (NEW PUBLIC EQUITY OFFERING AND A PRIVATE PLACEMENT OF CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURE) TO PURSUE. A straight equity issue will dilute his principal shareholders ownership, but favored a conservative capital structure that would help to ensure JetBlues financial flexibility, access to capital and a favorable lending rate. On the other hand, a convertible debt alternative seems less dilutive, and cheaper, but brings with it an increased risk of default and financial problems. PART B The financing decision taken by the CFO is important because of the positive impact it is expected to have on the current and future performance of the JetBlue. The considerations as regards impact of the financing decision are discussed; IMPACT ON CURRENT PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANY It is expected that the new capital would ease Jetblues ability to finance its short term obligations as JetBlue does not have a line of credit, or short-term borrowing facility. Therefore, the company depends on its operating cash flow to finance its short-term obligations The new capital will be required to finance working capital requirement of Jetblue, Working capital is the short term resources that are used to manage the business on a daily basis. This is otherwise referred to as current asset. The financing decision which is aimed at securing the purchase of the new 100-seat Embraer E190 aircraft would allow JetBlue to enter smaller markets while maintaining low operating costs, and increase flight frequency on existing routes. The low fares offered by JetBlue would allow it to attract new passengers who might otherwise not fly. Earnings from this market segment is expected to contribute to the profitability and positive financial performance of the company IMPACT ON FUTURE PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANY The additional capital is expected to strengthen the companys balance sheet at a time when JetBlue will be shouldering a significant amount of debt related to new aircraft deliveries. The decision on financing method would result in a strong capital structure for Jetblue which would ensure that the company would continue to grow while avoiding financial problems. The new cash inflow which is directed at ensuring JetBlue achieves its expansion activities. It is expected that the company will be in a position to purchase larger volumes of jet fuel and would thus have more leverage in procuring fuel than today. The company will thus suffer relatively less from fuel shortages and the negative impact a rise in fuel has an operating income QUESTION 2 PART A John Owen the CFO of JetBlue generally favored a conservative capital structure. A conservative funding strategy is when a firm finances both its seasonal and permanent requirement with long term debt. The criteria which John Owen used to evaluate his decision on the appropriate capital structure and mode of financing to support the expansion drive of the business are; FINANCIAL FLEXIBILITY: This refers to the firms ability to take advantage of unforeseen opportunities or their ability to deal with expected events depending on the firms financial policies and financial structure. A firm with a high debt obligation and weak solvency and liquidity is not financially flexible. FAVORABLE LENDING RATE: The lending rate to a business varies directly with the risk associated with any given financial structure which can be accessed by leverage analysis. It is expected that a higher leverage (as a result of accepting debt offering) tends to amplify a firms predictable business swings i.e. associated risk. This inclines to increase lending rate to the firm and ultimately result in an unfavorable lending rate. CONTROL: The financing scheme of a company can imply changes in control constrains on the firm, this can be indicated by percentage distribution of share ownership and structure of debt covenant. There is a high chance that the board of directors will not favor the equity offering as they were  sensitive about the dilution (i.e. control dilution) that an equity offering would cause to existing shareholders. INCOME: This compares financing tactics on the basis of their effect on value creation and distribution i.e. the impact on Earnings per share (EPS) and Return on equity (ROE). The debt option limited the ability of Jetblue to manage one of the airlines principal risk; rising fuel prices. As discussed above, the debt offering afforded Jetblue less financial flexibility. If fuel prices rose unexpectedly, operating income will decline thus hurting JetBlues ability to meet the additional debt service payments. PART B Other criteria John Owen could use to evaluate his decision on the appropriate capital structure and mode of financing are; Timing: This considers whether the current capital market environment is the right time to implement any alternative financial structure and what the implication for future financing will be if the proposed structure is adopted. Financial market condition often favour one or another kind of financing. Others: This is the consideration of the impact of the alternative financing choice on other issues and vice versa. An example is the ability to use collateral to reduce the costs and risk of debt financing and the effect of various financing tactics on the liquidity of investment. REASONS WHY JOHN OWEN SHOULD PROPOSE THE EQUITY FINANCING OPTION From the above analysis, it can be deduced that using equity financing option minimizes the companys weighted average cost of capital, thus maximizes the overall stock price of the company and the shareholders wealth. The NPV of the company is higher under the equity financing option JetBlue, as any airline company has a debt to equity ratio of 61.21% and incurs very high fixed costs as a result of high value operating property and equipment. An equity offering would increase the financial flexibility of the company. The company has a very high operating leverage as a result of variability in fuel price. This exposes the company to the risk of cash flow projections errors in case it does not meet the projected revenues figures. Any variation in the estimated revenues, might lead the company to a position where it could not meet its financial obligations related to debt. From this point of view, JetBlue needs to secure its cash flows. This can be achieved using equity financing. The lending rate to a business varies directly with the risk associated with any given financial structure which can be accessed by leverage analysis. Issuing equity will reduce the leverage of business and reduce lending rate. PART C Other financing option I would like to recommend to the board and John Owen are; JetBlue can consider some other alternatives as well. Indeed, the company can issue some preferred stock. This stock might be considered as equity in accounting, to strengthen the balance sheet of the company, but will at the same time accommodate the board members concern about dilution. Another alternative might be the issuance of simple corporate bonds. The coupon rate for those will however be higher than the 3.5% of the convertible bonds. This option will thus cost more for JetBlue than convertible bonds QUESTION 4 PART A Aviation fuel cost is the second largest operating cost in the airline industry after payroll, this has significant impact on operating and financing risks of a company. IMPACT ON OPERATING RISK: In 2002, JetBlues fuel cost amounted to $76 million or 14.4% of operating cost. In the event that fuel prices rises, there will be a significant drop in operating income and higher exposure to operating risk (risk created by operating leverage). Operating leverage is the magnification of the top half of the income statement, it measures how EBIT changes in response to changes  in sale, and the relevant cost is the fixed cost of operating the business. It is expected that as operating leverage increase due to jet fuel increase, the operating risk of the business likewise increases. IMPACT ON FINANCING RISK In the event that jet fuel rises, it is expected that operating profit will drop and operating leverage would increase. This will also hurt JetBlues ability to meet the additional debt service payment i.e. it may face risk of default or potential financial loss which is known as financial risk. Financing risk is the risk associated with financing and its created by financial leverage. Financial leverage is the magnification of the bottom half of the income statement, it measures how EPS (earnings per share) changes in response to changes in sale, and the relevant cost is the fixed cost of financing, in particular interest. PART B The operating and financing risk exposure of JetBlue through rising fuel price of JetBlue has being managed in the past through hedging 75% of its fuel using a combination of CALL OPTIONS, SWAPS AND COLLARS hedging instrument. PART C HEDGING: Fuel hedging is a contractual tool some large fuel consuming companies such as airlines (JetBlue) use to reduce their expose to volatile and potentially rising fuel cost. A fuel hedge contract allows a large fuel consuming company to lock in the cost of future fuel purchase, allowing an increasing number of airlines to avoid surprises from unforeseen cost fluctuations. The hedging could be done via a commodity swap or option. One of the basic reasons why a company enters into hedging contract is to mitigate their exposure to future fuel prices that may be higher than current prices and/or  to establish a known fuel cost for budgeting and predictability of earnings. PRINCIPAL WAYS JETBLUE HAS BEING USING HEDGING TO MANAGE FUEL PRICING RISK: Jetblue is a small airline which had less leverage in procuring large volume of jet fuel in order to mitigate risk of volatility or shortage of jet fuel. In order to mitigate fuel pricing risk, Jetblue used a combination of fuel call option, swaps and collars hedging instrument. From time to time Jetblue has simply bought call options which tend to be at least $5 per barrel. HOW THE HEDGING INSTRUMENT WORKS The hedging instrument mostly used by JetBlue is the call option. CALL OPTION: This is a financial contract between two parties, the buyer and the seller of this type of option. The buyer of the option has the right but not the obligation to buy an agreed quantity of a particular commodity (jet fuel) from the seller of the option at a certain time (the expiration date for European call option or at any time during the life of the option for American call option) for a certain price (the strike price). The seller is obligated to sell the commodity (jet fuel) or financial instrument should the buyer so decide. The buyer pays a fee called a premium for this right. In the case JetBlue, the premium it pays is at least $5 per barrel. SWAPS: Swaps are tailor made futures contract whereby an airline exchanges payment at a future date (which can be in jet aviation fuel and could be further into the future into the future than possible through commodity exchanges), based on the fuel or oil price. There could be an arrangement with a supplier such as Air BP. The airline would buy a swap for a period of say one year at a certain strike price for a specified amount of jet fuel per month. The average price for that month is then compared with the strike price, and if it exceeds it the counter-party would pay the airline the difference times the amount of fuel. However, if it were lower, then the airline would pay the difference. They lock in a given price, as with forward contacts. COLLARS: This is a combination of a call and a put option. The call protects the holder from adverse price increases above its strike price, at a cost of the option premium that would be paid in any event. The holder of this call also writes a put option that limits the advantage it can take of price reduction below its strike price. The total cost of taking the two options is the call option premium paid less the put option premium received. A collar limits the speculative risk to a small range of price moves and locks in the price that will be paid for fuel between two known values.

Moby Dick :: essays research papers fc

Moby Dick I. Biographical Insights A. The culture this great author was a part of was the time in American history where inspiring works of literature began to emerge. It was also a time when American writers had not completely separated its literary heritage from Europe, partly because there were successful literary genius' flourishing there. B. Herman Melville was born on August 1, 1819, he was the son of Allan and Maria Melville. During Herman's childhood he lived in the â€Å"good† neighborhoods of New York City. In 1832 Herman suffered tragedy when his father died after trying to cope with the stress of debts and misfortunes. After a short time in a business house in New York City, Herman determined he needed to go to sea. He spent years traveling on a variety of ships, including whaling ships. C1. Melville's perspective on life is that God created the universe with an infinite number of meanings and man is always trying to determine one specific meaning. D2. The â€Å"lessons† that Melville is likely to weave into his writing are 1. An exposition on whales and the whaling industry. 2. A commentary on the universe and human destiny. 3. Thoughts about God and Nature. III. Characters B. The protagonist in this book is Ishmael, a Christian, schoolteacher and part- time sailor. Ishmael's role in the hunt for â€Å"Moby Dick† is to interpret what is happening. He discusses his reasons for going to sea and interprets and looks for understanding a number of reasons for any specific action where other characters only understand one reason. C. It is hard to say what changes take place in Ishmael's personality, since he is the narrator he doesn't talk about himself, he only talks about what he sees. D1. Ishmael befriends Queequeg who is a cannibal. Even though Queequeg is very ugly Ishmael sees that Queequeg has an honest heart, great honor, and a lot of courage. This friendship had a positive influence on Ishmael's behavior because it taught him not to judge on outward appearances. E2. Another relationship that was very short was the relationship between Ishmael and Captain Ahab. For the first few days aboard the Pequod Ishmael always saw Ahab in the shadows. When Ishmael finally saw Ahab he had shivers run through his body. Ishmael felt Ahab's attitude of determination, dedication and hatred towards â€Å"Moby Dick† in Ahab's appearance. This relationship was a negative relationship because Ishmael now feared Ahab and did not want to become friends with such an evil person. F. The conflict that Ishmael experienced was that he saw how Ahab was such an

Criminal Thinking Patterns Essay

Loyalty can be defined by anyone but there’s only one definition of loyalty. Google’s definition of loyalty is the quality of being loyal to someone or something. The second definition for loyalty is a strong feeling of support or allegiance; fights with in-laws cause divided loyalties. My definition of loyalty relates to the first definition; however, it consists of more than just that. Loyalty means respect and competence pertaining to a certain degree of trust and allegiance to an organization or personal lifestyles one might be involved in. Emotions and stereotypical thoughts have a major role in the play called loyalty. Loyalty and emotions have similarities just because of the fact an individual has to have some form of feeling towards a person or they will never be able to be loyal. What is the meaning of being loyal? Loyalty is defined by the person giving the meaning of its definition. Google definition of loyalty is true to a certain extent, but there is still something missing. The quality of being loyal should exist in everyone. Everyone or a particular breed has the quality of being loyal. Definitions seem to captivate everyone’s minds into believing the term or definition is true just because it has a reliable source. Sources are undoubtedly opinions from scholars; opinions arouse from person’s experience to inform people about such terms. If the term loyalty is true as it is supposed to be it might as well be self-explanatory. Loyalty is a word that consists of trust, faith, allegiance, and love. Without those four terms loyalty doesn’t exists. The quality of being loyal all depends on the people that may think of these terms. Imagine two couples that have undeniable trust for each other with stipulations which are to be loyal forever, one runs off to meet another individual she might have attractions for, the other partner finds out about it so the partner feels like she is not being loyal. The reason for that is because he feels like she is only upposed to be attracted to him, but she feels differently because she feels that she hasn’t cheated on him. These are two couples with two different definitions pertaining to loyalty. Emotions and stereotypical thought has everything to do with loyalty. Emotions give an individual trust and fear which are needed so one can attain the ability to be loyal. Without trust for an individual, people will never be able to give their complete trust and loyalty especially when the individual wants the same respect. Stereotypical thoughts pertaining to the term loyalty will give an individual a lesser understanding of the term loyalty mainly because stereotypical people tend to have their own opinions about everything which isn’t wrong but it justifies the statement. Everyone has their own definition of loyalty. Furthermore, what is the meaning of loyalty which is one of the questions everyone tends to asked themselves? Loyalties are moreover something genuine and sacred people or an organization tends to have. Loyalty consists of trust, love, and respect. Everyone has the ability to be loyal as long as it has true meaning.

Wgu Kot 2

Medicare, the Uninsured, and International Healthcare Review Western Governors University Medicare, the Uninsured, and International Healthcare Review Healthcare and healthcare reform are hot topics of debate in today's society. As the population grows and life expectancy increases, the nation faces many challenges in providing healthcare benefits to the people. â€Å"According to the report, titled Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2010, 49. 9 million Americans or 16. 3 percent of the total US population had no health insurance in 2010.That percentage represents a slight increase on 2009’s figures, when 49 million citizens or 16. 1 percent of the population was uninsured† (Gamser, 2011). Unless there is a turnaround in their economic downfall, unemployment rate, and healthcare reform these numbers will most likely continue to increase. This paper will discuss some of these issues and how they impact two different families. The paper wi ll look at Mrs. Zwick, a 77-year-old female who was hospitalized for five days following a minor stroke and is then transferred to the skilled nursing facility for rehabilitation.Her rehabilitation is delayed 10 days into her stay due to a hospital acquired urinary tract infection. Discussion will include coverage for her medical care using Medicare Part A, Part B and Part D. Discussion will also include how the hospital acquired infection is not reimbursed by Medicare. Finally the paper will discuss how Mr. Davis, a gentleman with chronic sickle cell anemia and loses his job position due to his illness, will have the option to continue insurance coverage by way of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA).Discussion will include two challenges that state or local government face when providing care for the uninsured with long-term or chronic illnesses. Elaboration on one of the challenges will be further described. Due to his frustrations with loss of his employmen t, healthcare coverage, and his chronic sickle cell anemia, Mr. Davis verbalizes he wish he lived in another country. Through investigation of healthcare in Great Britain, Japan, Germany, and Switzerland this paper will discuss which of these countries would best benefit Mr. Davis if you ere to become a citizen there. Mrs. Zwick was hospitalized for five days following a mild stroke, and then transferred to a skilled nursing facility for rehabilitation with projected discharge in 21 days. However it is discovered that she developed a hospital acquired urinary tract infection 10 days into her rehabilitation requires IV antibiotics to treat. The infection leads per week and unable to continue her rehabilitation until the urinary tract infection is cleared. As a result, instead of 21 days in rehabilitation she has to stay 40 days.When discharged she was giving a prescription for several medications and a walker. Her daughter inquires about the bills from other is insured with Medicare Part A, Part B and Part D and asks the nurse if she can explain the benefits to her. Medicare Part A, which is also known as hospital insurance, is usually provided free since Medicare taxes are paid into the program while working. â€Å"Part A is hospital insurance that helps cover inpatient care in hospitals, skilled nursing facility, hospice, and home health care† (Medicare. gov, n. d. ). Cherry and Jacob (2011, p. 28) states that Medicare is a federal health insurance plan for Americans 65 and older and certain disabled people. The client must be eligible for Social Security or Railroad retirement. The nurse would explain that Medicare Part A will cover the cost of the hospital stay as well as the skilled nursing and rehabilitation stay. Medicare Part B she explains is considered to be the medical insurance. This will cover services such as physician services, services and supplies that are needed to diagnose and treat her medical condition and would also cover certain pr eventative services such as flu vaccines (Medicare. ov, n. d. ). This would cover the rehabilitation services that her mother has received while in the rehabilitation center as well as the walker that was prescribed by the physician at the time of discharge. Medicare Part D is the prescription drug plan. There are various options under this portion of Medicare and depending on the one that your mother has chosen would base the amount of coverage that she would receive for prescription medications. This does not necessarily cover the full cost of the prescription medications; there are deductibles and copayments that must be met. The hospital acquired rinary tract infection that Mrs. Zwick developed during her hospital stay is not covered by Medicare. Research of an article in Medical News Today states: â€Å"Starting in 2009, Medicare, the US government's health insurance program for elderly and disabled Americans, will not cover the costs of â€Å"preventable† conditions, m istakes and infections resulting from a hospital stay. So for instance, if you are on Medicare and you pick up a hospital acquired infection while you are being treated for something that is covered by Medicare, the extra cost of treating the hospital acquired infection will no longer be paid for by Medicare.Instead, the bill will be picked up by the hospital itself since the rules don't allow the hospital to charge it to you† (Paddock, 2007). Healthcare acquired infections (HAI) not only contribute to exorbitant amounts of financial burden on the healthcare system but also attribute to staggering numbers of patient deaths. â€Å"Healthcare acquired infections (HAIs) are infections that patients contract while receiving treatment for medical and surgical conditions. The U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that HAIs contracted in U. S. ospitals account for approximately two million infections, 99,000 deaths, and an estimated $4. 5 billion in excess costs annually† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009) More recent results show a very minuscule decline in these types of infections. It is but a mere scratch at the surface of the deeply rooted problem within our healthcare systems. There are ethical implications as well in treating Mrs. Zwick’s healthcare acquired infection. As healthcare providers, there is a duty to do no harm. Ethically we must do the right thing as an advocate for patient safety.To attain these standards the healthcare provider must diligently be cognizant of infection control measures and ways to improve current practice. Examples include strict hand hygiene, aseptic technique, and current best practice as defined by evidenced based medicine. The continuous monitoring and surveillance of all healthcare acquired infections looking for trends. Perhaps it is a specific hospital unit or employee. These identifiers will assist through education and competency in the correction and preven tion of future occurrences.Healthcare as a whole also has an ethical obligation to make known to the patient, patient families and the community these HAI’s when discovered. This paper will now focus on Mr. Davis who was terminated by his employer for extended absences due to hospitalizations from chronic sickle cell anemia. Even though Mr. Davis is unemployed his employer must offer him the opportunity to continue his healthcare benefit under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA).COBRA requires employers with more than 20 employees to provide the employee and his family the opportunity to continue medical benefits for up to 18 months. This includes voluntary or involuntary job loss, decreased work hours, changing jobs, and various life changing events. The employee may be responsible for paying the entire premium to continue this healthcare coverage. COBRA can also impose fines of up to $110 per day to employers that fail to offer continued healthcare be nefits to the separated employee. (U. S. Department of Labor, n. d. ) Should Mr.Davis remain unemployed beyond the 18 month limit imposed by COBRA, state and local government are usually called upon to provide assistance. There are options available but often times these require months or even years to get assistance and quite frequently require the assistance of an attorney to receive benefits. Medicaid is probably the most widely known and the recommended source of state medical assistance. The Medicaid program is a federal and state grant program that used primarily for the disabled, low income families with dependent children, and people who are confined in nursing homes with low income levels.The state is responsible for setting the guidelines of eligibility for this program. Once Medicaid is approved for an individual, the coverage can be retroactive for up to three months from the time it was approved. Indigent and underinsured medical care must be funded by state and local g overnment. This challenge is usually met through taxation. Each municipality and sometimes healthcare district must budget to provide care for its citizens through state and local tax. Depending on the economic region this can present a huge challenge.For example, areas of Florida where migrant farmers are present may have to budget more for healthcare than a wealthier district such as West Palm Beach. So in reality, all working citizens pay for the indigent healthcare in their particular municipality. In Texas such budgeting and care is known as the Indigent Health Care and Treatment Act passed in 1985. This act spells out what basic services must be allowed for the indigent in each county. If more care is provided then it is the local governments’ responsibility to pay for it.Other state and local programs may include State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) which is also a state and national government run program designed for families that don't meet the minimum requirements for Medicaid due to income even though the income is still modestly below poverty level. Local and state governments may also provide other benefits such as free clinics, public health, Meals on Wheels, subsidized housing, discounted transportation services, food stamps, and free or discounted childcare for working parents.Local consumers have even pitched in by providing either free or drastically reduced prescription medications that are commonly prescribed to provide assistance during these tough economic times. Mr. Davis had mentioned in his frustration that at times he wished he lived in another country. His hope would be that healthcare would be more accessible to him. This paper will look at the healthcare system of four different countries Great Britain, Japan, Germany, and Switzerland. After a brief review of the healthcare systems in these countries this paper will focus on one country's health care system that would benefit Mr.Davis the most. Discussion of th is country's healthcare system will examine areas such as medication coverage, pre-existing conditions coverage, requirements if necessary for healthcare specialist evaluation and the access for retired people, children, and the unemployed. The healthcare system in Great Britain is considered to be socialized medicine. Basically what this means is that the citizens of Great Britain pay taxes for health care and in return the government-run National Health Service (NHS) provides and pays those funds to healthcare providers.There are no fees when a patient sees a physician since most physicians and nurses are government employees. In order to see a specialist patients must first visit there general practitioner for a referral. Physician visits are free; however there are fees for prescription medications. â€Å"Young people and the elderly are exempt from all drug co-pays† (Public Broadcast System, n. d. ). A major problem with this healthcare system according to Tanner (2008 p . 4) is the extremely long waits for healthcare and depending upon the patient's severity of illness, a procedure such as an open heart surgery for someone deemed too ill or too old by the government may be denied treatment. Switzerland has long been considered to have one of the best healthcare systems in the world. However it is not without its drawbacks. The overall cost for healthcare and Switzerland is second only to the United States. Even still is far less than what the United States spends on healthcare. All residents residing in Switzerland are required to purchase basic healthcare insurance with them three months of residency.Swiss law requires all citizens to purchase a basic package of health insurance, an individual mandate. The term basic benefits package is somewhat misleading since the required benefits are quite extensive, including inpatient and outpatient care, care for the elderly and the physically and mentally handicapped, long-term nursing home care, diagnosti c tests, prescription drugs, and complementary and alternative therapies. (Tanner, 2008 p. 25) The Swiss government does provide assistance for those that are low income and can't afford to pay the healthcare premiums.It is expected that citizens pay no more than 10% of their income on healthcare premiums. Referrals to specialists are not required by the primary care physician. There are no exclusions for pre-existing conditions. Private rooms in the hospital and dental insurance require a supplemental policy and are not covered in the basic plan. Healthcare in Germany is based primarily on two types of insurances, public and private insurance. Anyone earning a salary in Germany must have public health insurance. This public health insurance covers not only the employee of German citizenship but all nonworking dependents as well.There is no added cost for pre-existing conditions. Pregnant women are provided public health insurance for free. The premium for the insurance is around 5% of the person’s total income. Referrals are not required to see a specialist but higher co-pay may be charged. If a person opts out of the public health insurance for private insurance he cannot go back later to the public health insurance, even if income drops below the level required for private insurance (Underwood, 2009). The unemployed people are covered through a social fund which pays the physicians fee.This paper will now discuss the healthcare system in Japan. The Japan healthcare system would probably be the most beneficial for Mr. Davis of the four countries that we have researched. There are two types of healthcare insurance in Japan, National Health Insurance and Employees’ Health Insurance. Anyone who cannot afford healthcare insurance is provided with public assistance. The premium for the Employees’ Health Insurance is usually split between the employer and the employee; although there are some companies that will pay more. â€Å"Everyone in Ja pan is covered by insurance for medical and dental care and drugs.Insurers do not compete, and they all cover the same services and drugs for the same price† (Arnquist, 2009). The government decides on the fee schedule. Insurance premiums are not held or inflated for pre-existing conditions. Premiums are based on taxable income for the National Health Insurance. This insurance is for the self-employed, retirees and students. â€Å"The financial resources for unemployment benefits are covered by insurance premiums paid by employees and employers (they equally bear the amount equivalent to 0. 8% of workers' wages) and by the National Treasury† (The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 2011).Healthcare is free for all children under the age of six. So as a result Mr. Davis would be well covered under Japan's healthcare system. Mr. Davis will have coverage for his medications, he would be able to see any specialist of his choice although a premium might be added without ha ving a referral, and there is no denial or rate increase for pre-existing conditions and the healthcare system provides for children, the unemployed and retired persons. In summation, this paper has discussed Medicaid Part A, B, and D. There is discussion on how COBRA would help Mr. Davis continue his insurance while he's out of work.There has been discussion of at least two challenges that both local and state government would face in providing care for Mr. Davis. And then finally there is some discussion of healthcare in Great Britain, Germany, Switzerland, and of course Japan which is the system that was chosen for Mr. Davis. While researching this paper it is discovered that healthcare reform is needed not only in the United States of America but throughout the entire world as well. The hope is that one day everyone will be afforded some type of healthcare coverage. References Arnquist, S. (2009, August 25). Health care abroad: Japan.Retrieved from http://www. prescriptions. blo gs. nytimes. com/2009/08/25/health-care-abroad-japan/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009, December 31). Healthcare acquired infection and prevention plan. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/HAI/pdfs/stateplans/or. pdf Cherry, B. , & Jacob, S. R. (2011). Contemporary Nursing issues, trends, & management (5th ed. ). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby. Gamser, M. (2011, September 16). US Census Shows Little Change in Number of Uninsured Americans. Retrieved from http://www. globalsurance. com/blog/us-census-shows-little-change-in-number-of-uninsured-americans-420520. tml Medicare. gov (n. d. ). Medicare Benefits. Retrieved from http://www. medicare. gov/navagation/medicare-basics/medicare-benefits/part-a. aspx? AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1 Paddock, C. (2007, August 20). Medicare will not pay for hospital mistakes and infections, new rules. Retrieved from http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/80074. php Public Broadcast System (n. d. ). Sick around the world. Retrieved f rom http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sickaroundtheworld/countries/ Tanner, M. (2008, March 18). The grass is not always greener: a look at national health care systems around the world.Retrieved from http://www. scribd. com/doc/13673626/–the–grass–is–not-always–greener–a–look–at–national–health–care-systems–around–the–world–Cato–policy–analysis–no–613– The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (2011). Second periodic report by the government of Japan under articles 16 and 17 of the international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights. Retrieved from http://www. mofa. go. jp/policy/human/econo_rep2/article9. html U. S. Department of Labor (n. d. ). Health plans & benefits, continuation of health coverage-COBRA. Retrieved from http://www. dol. gov/dol/topic/health-plans/cobra. htm Underwood, A. (2009,